Tuesday, June 21, 2011

Term 1 Periodic Table



The periodic table seemed pretty daunting at first. One table jam-packed with symbols and random numbers. However, over the weeks, it has become easier and easier to understand(probably because we only need to memorise 20 of the symbols). I have learnt that each symbol represents an element and the numbers are the proton number and atomic mass. The order of the elements are arranged by their metallicity, going from left to right; and number of electrons from top to bottom.
My teacher also taught me an easy way to memorise elements. Group 1 elements has 1 outer most electron, group 2 has 2 outer most electrons, this pattern goes all the way to group 8.
Group 1 elements are Alkali Metals. They all appear to be silvery and are soft. They are extremely reactive as 1 outer electron is difficult to hold so the element would want to transfer it to other elements.
Group 2 elements are also metals on the alkali side. As they are metals as well, they are shiny and silvery. They too have high reactivity as 2 outer electrons is not that stable. These elements, although seen in everyday life, are actually all from the earth's crust.
Group 3 is where things get interesting. It consists of metals and non-metals. Boron, a grey powdery substance, is not a metal while the rest of the groups are soft, silvery metals.
Group 4 elements start to look different. Carbon is a dull black colour in the form of graphite, or hard and transparent in the form of diamond; silicon and germanium are dull grey or black; tin and lead are a shiny grey colour.
The appearance of the Group 5 elements varies even more. Nitrogen is a colourless, odourless gas; phosphorus exists in white, red and black solid forms; arsenic is found in yellow and grey solid forms; antimony is found in a metallic or amorphous grey form; and finally bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal. Their appearances show the gradual change from metals to no-metals.
Group 6 elements are also very different. The first element of this group, oxygen, is the only gas. Sulfur is a yellow, brittle solid. Selenium can be red, black or grey. Tellurium is a silvery-white colour metal. Polonium is a naturally radioactive element. These are highly reactive as they only need to more outer most electrons to become stable.
Group 7 elements, also known as halogens, are extremely reactive gases. In fact flourine, a poisonous yellow gas, is the most reactive element. This is because ot has seven outer electrons, one more to a perfectly stable electronic configuration.
The last group is group 0/8. It has 2 numbers as its outer most electron is 8, in other words, it is stable so the outer most electron can also be 0. These elements are also called noble gases as the elements exist as gas in room temperature. They are "noble" as they hardly react with any elements.
Even though the periodic table seems very crammed, but here are still many undiscovered elements that are yet to be found. It would be great if I could experience the thrill of finding an element myself.

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